Investigation of phytochemical composition and bioactivity evaluation of extracts from Myrsine umbellata Mart.

The objective of the study was to carry out phytochemical prospection through colorimetric tests to determine the groups of secondary metabolites and also to determine the total content of phenolic compounds (TPC) present in plant extracts methanol (ME), ethyl acetate (EAE), hexane (HE) and dichloromethane (DE) from the leaves of Myrsine umbellata, as well as to investigate the antimicrobial activity against twelve standard ATCC strains by the broth microdilution technique; the antioxidant potential by the DPPH method and the ABTS method and the antibiofilm potential on the biofilm biomass of standard bacteria by the crystal violet technique and tetrazolium salt reduction (MTT) assay. Phytochemical prospection detected the presence of saponins, steroids, alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, flavonoids, and tannins. The results of the quantitative phytochemical estimation revealed a higher content of total phenolics in DE (280.24 ± 0.037 µM GAE g ext. -1) followed by ME (159.01 ± 0.031 µM GAE g ext. -1). The ME showed the best biological activities when compared to the other extracts tested. We observed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis strain (MIC 3.12 and MBC 6.25), antioxidant percentage of 92.58% against the DPPH radical and 420.31 µM Trolox g ext. -1 against the ABTS radical, finally showed antibiofilm action against Gram-positive strain Staphylococcus aureus, with eradication of the biomass in 92.58%. The results suggest that EM from M. umbellata represents an alternative source of plant bioactives for the development of natura products.

Phytochemical prospection and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and antibiofilm activities of extracts and essential oil from leaves of Myrsine umbellata Mart. (Primulaceae).

The species Myrsine umbellata is a native plant of Brazil, whose barks are traditionally used in herbal medicine to treat liver disorders and combat leprosy. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the phytochemical prospection of ethanolic (EE) and acetonic (EA) extracts by colorimetric tests and by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the essential oil (EO) of M. umbellata leaves; evaluate the antimicrobial activity in front of standard ATCC strains by the broth microdilution technique; the antioxidant potential by DPPH reduction method and antibiofilm action by crystal violet assay and cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) based on optical density. Phytochemical prospection of EE and EA detected the presence of free steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids (flavones, flavononoids, flavonols and xanthons) and tannins in both extracts (EE and EA) and saponins only in EE. In EO, the majority compounds identified were elixene, caryophyllene (E), spatulenol, d-Cadinene and aromadendrene. EA showed antimicrobial activity with MIC and MBC/MFC values ranging from 3.12 to 100 mg.mL-1, highlighting its efficiency on the Gram-positive strain S. epidermidis. EE showed antimicrobial potential in the range of 3.12 to 200 mg.mL-1, and the Gram-negative E. coli strain was the most susceptible. However, OE showed bacteriostatic potential against S. Typhimurium, S. Abaetetuba, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis strains. The ability to sequester free radicals was evident in EA extract with antioxidant activity of 89.55% and in EE with 63.05%. The antibiofilm potential was observed in EE extract which eradicated the mature biofilm biomass of all tested bacteria with high activity (50% to 84.28%) and EO also showed antibiofilm effect on mature biofilm of UEL enteroaggregative E. coli, S. aureus and S. Enteritidis strains with biomass reduction percentage of 63.74%, 68.04% and 86.19%, respectively. These results indicate the potential of M. umbellata extracts and as a source of plant bioactivity for the development of new alternative strategies for the control of planktonic or biofilm-resistant microorganisms.

Produção e caracterização de protease fibrinolítica de Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573 / Production and characterization of fibrinolytic protease from Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573

As proteases fibrinolíticas são capazes de degradar coágulos de fibrina formados dentro dos vasos sanguíneos, evitando a trombose intravascular. Em animais, a tromboflebite, que acomete frequentemente os equinos, ocasiona, em seus casos graves, a obstrução jugular e também um edema de laringe, derivando a obstrução das vias aéreas, o que possibilita um edema cerebral, ocorrendo o óbito do animal. Devido ao fato de o tratamento ser de custo elevado, faz-se necessária a investigação de outras fontesde proteases fibrinolíticas com custos menores e com menos efeitos colaterais. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo produzir e caracterizar proteases fibrinolíticas obtidas de Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573. Para produção da enzima, foi utilizado um planejamento fatorial 24 avaliando a concentração da farinha de soja (0,5, 1,0 e 1,5%) e da glicose (0, 0,5 e 1,0g/L), temperatura (28, 32 e 37ºC) e agitação (150, 200 e 250rpm) sobre a biomassa e a atividade fibrinolítica. Pode-se verificar que a protease fibrinolítica apresentou atividade máxima (835U/mL) nas condições de concentração de 1,5% de soja, 1g/L de glicose, 28°C e 150rpm com 48 horas de fermentação. A protease fibrinolítica obtida teve temperatura e pH ótimos de 55°C e pH 9,0, respectivamente. A atividade enzimática foi inibida pelo EDTA, pelo íon Fe2+ e pelo SDS, o que indicou a enzima ser uma metaloprotease. A linhagem Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573 foi capaz de produzir protease fibrinolítica, possuindo características bioquímicas favoráveis à aplicação na medicina veterinária e possivelmente humana.(AU)

Fibrinolytic proteases are able to degrade fibrin clot formed in the blood vessel, avoiding intravascular thrombosis. In animals, thrombophlebitis often affects horses, and in severe cases causes obstruction of the jugular and laryngeal edema leading to airway obstruction allowing cerebral edema resulting in the death of the animal. Since treatment is costly, the investigation of other sources of fibrinolytic proteases at lower cost and with fewer side effects is needed. Thus, this study aims to produce and characterize fibrinolytic proteases from Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573. For enzyme production, a factorial design was performed to evaluate 24 soybean flour concentration (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%) and glucose (0, 0.5 and 1.0g/L), temperature (28, 32 and 37°C) and agitation (150, 200 and 250rpm) on biomass and fibrinolytic activity. Fibrinolytic protease showed maximum activity (835 U/mL) under these conditions: 1.5% soybean flour, 1g/L glucose, 28°C, and 150rpm 48 hours of fermentation. The optimal temperature was 55°C and optimal pH was 9.0. Fibrinolytic protease activity was inhibited by EDTA, the ion Fe2+, and by SDS, which indicated that the enzyme is a metallo-protease. The strain Streptomyces parvulus DPUA 1573 was able to produce fibrinolytic protease with biochemical characteristics favorable for application in veterinary and human medicine.(AU)

Desenvolvimento pós-natal e potencial teratogênico da prole de ratos Wistar no estudo da toxicidade reprodutiva de duas preparações fitoterápicas contendo soja Glycine max (L) Merr / Neonatal development and teratogenic potential of Wistar rats offspring in the study of reproductive toxicity of two commercial phytotherapic preparations with soy Glycine max (L) Merr

Avaliou-se o efeito de duas preparações fitoterápicas comerciais que continham soja sobre o desenvolvimento geral e sexual da progênie de ratos Wistar e sobre o potencial teratogênico das preparações fitoterápicas durante um estudo de toxicidade reprodutiva. Para tanto, observaram-se, diariamente, as características de desenvolvimento dos filhotes e analisou-se o comportamento em campo aberto, e, para avaliar o potencial teratogênico, realizou-se diafanização dos fetos removidos por cesariana. Inferiu-se que o tratamento dos pais não comprometeu o desenvolvimento de sua progênie e também não determinou efeitos teratogênicos aos fetos de ratos Wistar.

The effect of two commercial phytotherapic preparations containing soy was evaluated on the general and sexual development of Wistar rats offspring and on the teratogenic potential during a reproductive toxicity study. For this, the offspring development characteristics were daily observed, and the behavior in open field was studied. To assess the teratogenic potential, diaphanization of the fetuses removed by caesarean section was done. It was concluded that the treatment of the parents did not compromise the development of their progeny and also did not determine the teratogenic effects in the fetuses.

Human papilloma virus--its association with epithelial proliferative lesions.

The Papillomaviruses are DNA viruses which belong to the Papova family, having a great affinity for epithelial tissue. They can produce proliferative lesions either in the skin or mucosa, in man and other animals. Various kinds of lesions, mainly benign, are caused by numerous types of HPV involving the well-known verruca vulgaris, oral papilloma, condiloma acuminatum and the focal epithelial hyperplasia, as well as a possible association with other alterations and lesions.